School of Medicine
University of Patras
>University of Patras
HQA
Undergraduate Courses

Endocrine Glands

Semester 7th ()

Code MED_711

Hours Teaching 25 hours, Laboratory 0 hours, Tutorial 0 hours , Clinical Training 0 hours (per week)

Teachers

Description

Hypothalamus – Pituitary

Clinical case (headache, hemi-anopsia, reduced libido)

Anatomy

Hypothalamus – Nuclei

Pituitary

General

Neuro-hormones (releasing hormones)

Pituitary hormones

Receptors

GnRH – Pulsatile secretion-circadian rhythms

The concept of feed-back regulation of hormone secretion

Growth Hormone (GH)

Acromegaly

GH deficiency

Prolactin

Tumors

Pituitaryadenomas

Hypothalamicandparaselartumors

Pituitary Failure

Adenohypophysis

Introduction-Etiology-Therapy

Hypophysitis

Posterior Lobe (Neurohypophysis)

Diabetes insipidus

Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)

Hypogonadism

Hypogonatrophic

Hypergonadotropic

DisordersofMenstrualPeriod

Menopause

DiabetesMellitus

ClinicalCase: (polyuria, polydipsia, weightloss, muscleweakness)

Diabetes mellitus

Epidemiology

Diagnosis

Types of Diabetes

Pancreas (anatomy, islets, physiology, hormones)

Insulin (Secretion, Action)

Glucagon (Secretion, Action)

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Pathogenesis

Clinical presentation

Metabolic syndrome

Therapy

MODY

Gestational Diabetes

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus – LADA

Pathogenesis

Clinical presentation

Therapy

Complications

Acute: Ketosis

Hyperosmosis

Chronic:

Pathogenesis (general)

Retinopathy

Neuropathy

Nephropathy

Atherosclerosis

Diabeticfoot

Hypoglycemia

General

In diabetes

In non-diabetic

Lipids

Introduction

Lipoproteins

Lipoprotein metabolism

Primary dyslipidemias

Secondary dyslipidemia

Therapy

Obesity

Etiology

Complications

Treatment

Thyroid

Embryology

Anatomy

Physiology

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid axis

Synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones

Thyroid hormone transport and action

Iodine deficiency

Goiter

Thyroid nodule

Evaluation of thyroid function

Hyperthyroidism

Hypothyroidism

Thyroiditides

Thyroid disorders in pregnancy

Thyroidcancer

Mineral Metabolism - Hormones and disorders

Structure and Function of the Skeleton

Bone remodeling and its regulation

Calcium and phosphorus homeostasis

The system of vitamin D

Hypercalcemia

Hyperparathyroidism

Hypocalcemia

Hypoparatyroidism

Pseudo-hypoparathyroidism

Pagets disease

Osteoporosis

Epidimiology

Pathogenesis

Prevention

Treatment

Adrenals

Clinical case: A patient with orthostatic hypotension and skin pigmentation

Anatomy- Histology

Hormones: Glucocorticoids

Mineralocorticoids

Catecholamines

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenalaxis

CRH-ACTH

Hormone action

Adrenal Insufficiency

ADDISON’s disease

Etiology

Clinical presentation

Diagnosis

Differential diagnosis

Treatment

Acute adrenal insuficiency

Glucocorticoid Hypersecretion (CUSHING’s syndrome)

Etiology

Clinical presentation

Laboratory findings

Diagnosis

Treatment

Adrenal incidentalomas

Endocrine Hypertension

Regulation of aldosterone secretion

Primary aldosteronism

Clinical presentation

Diagnosis

Treatment

Catecholamines

Pheochromocytoma- Paragangliomas

Clinical presentation

Diagnosis

Treatment

Scope

Knowledge of Basic Sciences

1. Anatomy of the endocrine glands

2. Physiology

-Hormone synthesis and metabolism

-Regulation of hormone secretion

-Hormone action – Receptors – Types of Receptors – Receptor signaling – intracellular signal transmission

-Axes: Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid

Hypothalamus-Pituitary -Gonads

Hypothalamus-Pituitary - Adrenals

GH-RH-Growth Hormone-IGF-I

-The concept of feed-back regulation of hormone secretion

-Principlesofhormoneassays

3. Histologyandpathologyoftheendocrineglands

Learning outcomes

Disease definition

Pathogenesis

Clinical signs and symptoms

Laboratory work-up

Diagnosis

Differential diagnosis

Therapy

Reading Material

​Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine
Davidson’s Internal Medicine, 
The Endocrine System at a Glance (Ben Greenstein, Diana Wood)