Ophthalmology
Semester 8th ()
Hours Teaching 0 hours, Laboratory 0 hours, Tutorial 0 hours , Clinical Training 25 hours (per week)
Teachers
Reading Material
The ocular examination
Presentation of ophthalmic equipment and instruments
Medical History Taking
Examination of eyelids, nasolacrimal duct, conjunctiva, cornea, anterior camera oculi, lens, Ophthalmoscopy
Visual field testing, performed one eye at a time with the contralateral eye completely covered
Measurement of intraocular pressure - Tonometry
Eyelids
Abnormal development
Ptosis, Entropion, Ectropion, Blepharospasm
Inflammations
Benign / Malignant tumors
Lacrimal system
Disorders of the inferior lacrimal system
Dacryocystitis
Lacrimal sac tumors
Lacrimal system dysfunction
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, Lacrimation
Lacrimal gland disorders, Lacrimal gland tumors
Conjunctiva
Conjunctival degeneration and age-related changes
Conjunctivitis, Conjunctival tumors
Cornea
Developmental / Ectatic disorders
Corneal Defence Mechanisms
Bacterial keratitis, Viral keratitis
Non-infectious keratitis and keratopathy
Contact lens related problems
Corneal pigmentation, degeneration and dystrophy
Corneal Surgery
Refractive corneal surgery
Sclera
Trauma and Inflammations
Episcleritis
Scleritis
Lens
Abnormal lens development
Cataract, Treatment of cataract
Secondary cataracts
Ectopia lentis
Uvea
Acquired abnormalities
Inflammation (Acute iritis and iridocyclitis, Chronic iritis and iridocyclitis, choroiditis)
Sympathetic ophthalmia
Neovascularization of the iris (rubeosis iridis)
Tumors (Malignant tumors, Benign choroidal tumors)
Pupil
The pupillary light reflex
Assessing the accommodation reflex
Pharmacological influences on the pupil
Pupillary motility disorders
Glaucoma
Primary glaucomas
Secondary glaucomas
Pediatric glaucoma
Vitreous body (vitreous humour)
Posterior vitreous detachment
Pathologic changes of the vitreous body
Vitreous Haemorrhage, Vitreitis and intraocular inflammation
Retinal Neovascularization
Surgical treatment, vitrectomy
Retina
Retinal vascular disorders
Degenerative retinal lesions
Retinal detachment
Central serous chorioretinopathy
Age-related macular degeneration
Retinal dystrophies
Toxic retinopathy
Retinal vasculitis
Inflammations
Retinal tumors and hamartomas
Optic nerve
Disorders affecting the boundaries of the optic disc
Congenital disorders affecting the boundaries of the optic disc
Acquired disorders affecting the boundaries of the optic disc
Disorders with clearly defined boundaries of the optic disc
Tumors
Intraocular optic nerve tumors
Postocular optic nerve tumors
Visual pathway
Visual pathway disorders
Pre-chiasmatic lesions
Chiasmatic lesions
Post-chiasmatic lesions
Orbit
Developmental anomalies
Autoimmune disorders affecting the orbit: Graves’ Disease
Orbital inflammation
Vascular disorders
Orbital tumors
Orbital surgery
Visual optics and refractive anomalies
Refraction in the eye: Emmetropia and ametropia
Refractive anomalies, Correction of refractive anomalies
Eyeglasses, Contact lenses, Prisms
Magnifying vision aids
Occulomotility and strabismus
Manifest strabismus, Types
Esotropia, Exotropia
Vertical deviations
Assessment of binocular vision
Treatment of manifest strabismus
Treatment and prevention of strabismic amblyopia
Operation
Ophthalmoplegia and Paralytic strabismus
Nystagmus
Ocular trauma
Mechanical trauma
Open globe injuries
Penetrating orbital trauma
Chemical burns
Trauma due to physical factors
Thermal injuries
Radiation injuries (ionizing radiation)
Indirect ocular trauma: Purtscher’s retinopathy
PRACTICAL TRAINING IN OPHTHALMOLOGY
Ophthalmic equipment
Ocular examination techniques
Physical examination of the anterior part-Biomicroscopy
Case presentation
Ophthalmoscopy
Normal fundus oculi-Retinopathies
Imaging techniques in ophthalmology
Case presentation
Ocular surgery – Video presentation